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Date: 1999-09-28
Internet/filter & warum sie nicht funktionieren-.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- globale Spektrum im Netz vertretener menschlicher Ausdrucksweisen & Kulturformen in ein paar lächerliche Kategorien zu pressen. Zweck sind die Vor/selektion, die Eingrenzung, die Abschottung - Merkmale eines Herrschaft/sinstruments. -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- Why Internet Content Rating and Selection does not work Version 1.2 (Released 26-Sep-1999) by Kristian and Marit Köhntopp Content rating models such as PICS have been proposed as a solution to the problem of unwanted, harmful or prohibited content on the Internet. This document contains a number of Theses which support the claim that any Internet Content Rating and Selection (ICR&S) scheme including PICS cannot work as advertised. To our knowledge, most of the problems and objections here have not been addressed by PICS or any other ICR&S scheme. Identifying the parties involved This section tries to identify the parties involved in the process of running and rating the web and their roles (see below to understand why we concentrate on the web). In small installations, a single person may impersonate multiple roles. Server side roles The content provider is the role which is responsible for all content of a document. Often the content provider is the creator of a document, but on the Internet it is common that a content provider only provides means to create content, and does not actually create the content on a site. Examples are discussion boards, search engines, live video feeds, and similar installations. Depending on the size of this content, it is entirely possible that the content provider does not have direct knowledge of all content on a site and that much content on a site is not reviewed nor endorsed by a content provider. The presence provider or web hoster provides the means to serve this content to the Internet by running the machines, the server software, and maintaining a network connection. Recipient side roles An access provider runs the systems and network connections for the recipient of content. For small office and home use, this is currently often a dial-up service, a proxy server, and similar hard- and software. The recipient is either a person to be protected against harmful content, or an adult, which still should be able to access harmful, but not prohibited, content. The recipient's hard- and software is maintained by system services which is a separate department in a school or library situation, in an Internet Cafe, or within a company. The recipient's system may be a single system or a network of systems with proxy servers and intranet servers. Internet Content Rating and Selection (ICR&S) roles Developers of rating systems define the dimensions of a rating system and create rules how to apply values along these dimensions to content. They promote their rating systems so that they become popular and are widely used. A rating service will apply the rating system and the rules that come with it to create ratings. These ratings, an identifier for the rated content, a date, an identifier for the rating source, and additional information (i.e. a checksum against the rated content and a digital signature) are collected to form a content label. Content filter vendors create software which can regulate access to content, depending on local settings (filtering rules) and content labels. Content filter control is often exercised by the party who controls a machine, that is, the adult party in a household, the dean of a school, the directorate of a library, and so on. These filter settings are then deployed, often by system services mentioned above, sometimes by an access provider located upstream. Attackers may be content providers, recipients, or other parties who want to communicate outside of the control of a filtering system. Methods for content selection Principle of Operation The basic idea behind Internet Content Rating and Selection is to attach a kind of machine readable description, called a Content Label, to all Internet Content. The Content Label contains a set of ratings which make up a formal description of the rated content in a formally specified system of ratings. Finally, the recipient has to have a filtering mechanism before or on the recipients machine which allows or intercepts reception and display of requested content depending on the Content Label and some local configuration. Taxonomy of Rating Systems by Source of Rating The Content Labels may be provided by different parties. In Third Party Rating, a party that is neither the recipient nor the sender creates content labels and distributes them via a Label Bureau. Third Party Rating requires a method to uniquely identify content components, and Third Party Rating cannot be finer grained than this identification system. Currently, all identification systems are URL-based which implies that all Content Labels refer to either URLs or coarser grained objects (such as subtrees of a web server or an entire site). In Second Party Rating, the recipient provides ratings and shares them with other recipients. This is sometimes referred to as a Community Rating process. Since the sharing of ratings again involves a Label Bureau, for the purpose of this discussion Third Party Rating and Second Party Rating can be treated alike. First Party Rating is different because here the sender provides a Content Label with the content itself. Usually, this label is embedded into the content or sent with the content. A Label Bureau is not needed in this context. Taxonomy of selection mechanisms by point of interception The selection process at the recipients end can either be implemented directly on the machine of the recipient, or it can be part of a proxy solution upstream of the recipients computer. In the latter scenario, the selection process will not happen on a machine controlled by the recipient and it is much more difficult to manipulate by the recipient. A proxy-based selection requires that the recipient is forced to use this particular proxy to be able to access content at all (otherwise the recipient could elect not to use a proxy at all or to use a different proxy) and that the content can be identified and read by the proxy. More http://www.koehntopp.de/kris/artikel/rating_does_not_work.html -.- -.-. --.- BIG BROTHER AWARDS AUSTRIA 1999 Fuer Lauschangreifer, Spitzelfirmen, Datenhaendler, gestzlich ermaechtigte Ueberwacher Reichen Sie Ihre Nominierung ein: http://www.bigbrother.awards.at -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- - -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- edited by published on: 1999-09-28 comments to office@quintessenz.at subscribe Newsletter - -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- 
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